Broadband optical ultrafast reflectivity of Si, Ge and GaAs
Ultrafast optical reflectivity measurements of silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide have been carried out using an advanced set-up providing intense subpicosecond pulses (35 fs FWHM ...Web
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium (SiGe) Semiconductors
Description. Silicon-germanium is a general term used for Si 1-x Ge x alloys that consist of any molar ratio of germanium and silicon. It is manufactured on silicon …Web
اقرأ أكثرThermoelectric Properties of Silicon-Germanium Alloys
4.2 History of Thermoelectric SiGe Alloys. The potential of silicon-germanium solid solutions as a thermoelectric was shown in 1958 by Steele and Rosi [ 7 ]. In 1964, Dismukes et al. provided the foundation for future optimizations with their work on silicon-rich SiGe alloys [ 9, 10 ], and references therein].Web
اقرأ أكثرSi-Ge Alloys
Although the primary focus of this book is silicon–germanium alloys (Si 1−x Ge x) for photovoltaics, Si 1−x Ge x has other exciting and important applications. Due its higher mobility compared to silicon and excellent electronic properties, Si 1− x Ge x is used to improve transistor performance by increasing the mobility.Web
اقرأ أكثرWhat Is Silicon Germanium's Place at the Semiconductor Table?
What's silicon germanium's place in circuit design? Silicon germanium (SiGe) is now a popular semiconductor that has skyrocketed in its production since the 90s. But this semiconductor didn't rise to success overnight. In fact, the combination of silicon and germanium was discovered by accident .Web
اقرأ أكثرChallenges of high Ge content silicon germanium structures
1.. IntroductionSilicon germanium (SiGe) is a completely miscible alloy with a lattice constant a f larger than that of a silicon (Si) reference crystal a s.In a first approximation the lattice constant a f scales with the atomic Ge content x of the Si 1−x Ge x alloy (Vegard's law). Parabolic deviations are small but well documented in bulk [1] and …Web
اقرأ أكثرReactive sticking probability ratio ␥ GeH 4 / ␥ SiH 4 vs germanium
Polycrystalline silicon-germanium (Poly SixGe1-x) can be used as one of the microstructural materials for MEMS due to its superior mechanical properties [1,2], high quality factor [3] and low ...Web
اقرأ أكثرGermanium | Encyclopedia
Germanium. melting point: 937.4 ° C boiling point: 2,830 ° C density: 5.323 g/cm 3 most common ion: Ge 4+ Ge 2+. Germanium has chemical and physical properties similar to those of silicon. It was predicted as an element ("eka-silicon") by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1871 from calculations made during the construction of his periodic table, …Web
اقرأ أكثرStructure of molten silicon and germanium by X-ray …
atoms. This assumption is plausible because silicon, germanium and tin have similar outer electronic structure and the electronic properties of molten silicon and germanium show a metallic character [1]. In white tin-like atomic arrangement, the tetrahedra are compressed in one direction and elongated alongWeb
اقرأ أكثرSilicon‐Germanium (SiGe) Nanostructures for
Silicon and germanium present distinct and interesting transport properties. However, composites made of silicon‐germanium (SiGe) have resulted in a breakthrough in terms of their transport properties. Currently, these alloys are used in different applications, such as microelectronic devices and integrated circuits, …Web
اقرأ أكثرNovel Silicon and Germanium-Based Materials
properties of silicon and germanium by adjusting the mesostructure, nanostructure, and/or crystalline structure of these group 14 elements. Despite the promise to achieve enhanced functionality with these already technologically important elements, a significant challenge lies in the identification ofWeb
اقرأ أكثرGermanium
Uses. Germanium is a semiconductor. The pure element was commonly doped with arsenic, gallium or other elements and used as a transistor in thousands of electronic applications. Today, however, other semiconductors have replaced it. Germanium oxide has a high index of refraction and dispersion.Web
اقرأ أكثرFormation of crystalline silicon-germanium thin films on silicon
We have researched on the formation of crystalline silicon-germanium (c-SiGe) films as a new material for bottom cells of silicon-based multi-junction solar cells. We conducted solid phase crystallization (SPC) from amorphous SiGe (a-SiGe) precursors with 80–70% Ge fraction deposited on n-type [100] single crystalline silicon (c-SiWeb
اقرأ أكثر(PDF) Silicon–Germanium: The Legacy Lives On
It is known [4] that germanium forms stable solid solutions in silicon up to a germanium concentration of 1650 K from 80%. At the same time, the maximum solubility of germanium in silicon reaches ...Web
اقرأ أكثرSilicon
Uses. Silicon is one of the most useful elements to mankind. Most is used to make alloys including aluminium-silicon and ferro-silicon (iron-silicon). These are used to make dynamo and transformer plates, engine blocks, cylinder heads and machine tools and to deoxidise steel. Silicon is also used to make silicones.Web
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium: Properties, Growth and Applications
This chapter reviews the properties of silicon-germanium, beginning with the electronic properties and then progressing to the optical properties. The growth of silicon …Web
اقرأ أكثرOverview of low temperature hydrophilic Ge to Si direct bonding …
2.2. Germanium surface activation. Radical activation of the wafers is a key factor for the success of low temperature bonding. The effects of free radical activation for Si to Si bonding have been previously reported in our group [14].In that study, a comparison of different surface treatments for direct Si to Si wafer bonding was made.Web
اقرأ أكثرChapter 4 Thermoelectric Properties of Silicon- Germanium …
Thermoelectric Properties of Silicon-Germanium Alloys In this chapter, SiGe nanocomposites are investigated for various parameters, such as thermal conductivity, …Web
اقرأ أكثرGermanium: Learn its Properties, Isotopes, Production and Uses
Germanium is a hard, white metalloid represented by Ge. As a metalloid, it can show identical character with metal and as well as with non-metals. In the periodic table, it is placed with group 14 elements. Mendeleev suggested the name of germanium as "eka silicon" and anticipated its position as a congener of silicon and tin in group 14.Web
اقرأ أكثرItem title: First-Principles Study of All Thermoelectric …
97 We choose silicon-germanium (Si-Ge) alloys not only 98 because they are one of the best and most-studied high-99 temperature thermoelectric materials [9,10,25–30], but 100 also phonon drag was reported in germanium [1] and bulk 101 silicon possesses large phonon drag even, at room tempera-102 ture [19,21]. No previous work has computed all ...Web
اقرأ أكثر481 Silicon–Germ Properties, Growth and Applications 22.
In this chapter, the properties of single-crystal silicon–germanium will first be outlined, followed by a description of the methods used for growing silicon– germanium layers. The properties and applications of polycrystalline silicon–germanium are also discussed later in the article. 22.1 Physical Properties of Silicon–GermaniumWeb
اقرأ أكثر18.3: Structure and General Properties of the Metalloids
A series of six elements called the metalloids separate the metals from the nonmetals in the periodic table. The metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. These elements look metallic; however, they do not conduct electricity as well as metals so they are semiconductors. They are semiconductors because their ...Web
اقرأ أكثرCopper related diffusion phenomena in germanium and silicon
The temperature dependence of the Cu diffusion coefficient given by Eq. (18) is shown in Fig. 5 in comparison to Si self-diffusion [74] and the diffusion of other foreign atoms. The data demonstrate that Cu is beside H [75] the fastest foreign atom in Si. At 900 °C Cu diffuses more than 10 orders of magnitude faster than the common dopants such …Web
اقرأ أكثرSilicon | Element, Atom, Properties, Uses, & Facts
Silicon, a nonmetallic chemical element in the carbon family that makes up 27.7 percent of Earth's crust; it is the second most abundant element in the crust, being surpassed only by oxygen. ... Properties of …Web
اقرأ أكثرCobalt germanide contacts: growth reaction, phase formation
The second section outlines the current role of germanium in the semiconductor industry and the reasons cobalt germanide is an ideal contact material to germanium and silicon germanium semiconductor devices. Fundamental physical properties of cobalt germanides are presented next. Models for phase formation …Web
اقرأ أكثر4.3 Silicon-Germanium
4. . 3. Silicon-Germanium. This section gives a brief summary of application examples as well as material properties of silicon-germanium alloys. SiGe thermogenerators have been successfully used in a couple …Web
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium: Properties, Growth and Applications
Silicon-germanium is an important material that is used for the fabrication of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors and strained Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) …Web
اقرأ أكثرOptical and compositional properties of amorphous silicon-germanium
Pérez, C. Zúñiga, F. J. Renero, and A. Torres, "Optical properties of amorphous silicon germanium obtained by low-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition fro m SiH 4Web
اقرأ أكثرSimulation of Field Assisted Sintering of Silicon Germanium Alloys
We report a numerical study of the field assisted sintering of silicon germanium alloys by a finite element method, which takes into account contact resistances, thermal expansion and the thermoelectric effect. ... (SPS) apparatus. The thermoelectric properties of Si-Ge used within the simulation were considered as the …Web
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium: Properties, Growth and Applications
This chapter reviews the properties of silicon-germanium, beginning with the electronic properties and then progressing to the optical properties. The growth of silicon-germanium is considered, with particular emphasis on the chemical vapour deposition technique and selective epitaxy.
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