Physics
6 Semiconductor detectors for gamma-ray detection 6-1 6.1 Germanium detectors—an overview 6-1 6.2 Hyperpure germanium detectors 6-3 6.2.1 Detector fabrication 6-3 6.2.2 Depletion depth 6-4 6.2.3 Principle of operation 6-5 6.2.4 Pulse shapes 6-5 6.3 Key parameters for germanium detectors 6-7 6.3.1 Energy resolution 6-7 6.3.2 Timing …Web
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Gamma-Ray Detectors
germanium [Ge(Li)] as the detection medium. The lithium served to inhibit trapping of charge at impurity sites in the crystal lattice during the charge collection process. In recent years, manufacturers have produced hyperpure germanium (HPGe) crystals, essentially eliminating the need for the lithium doping and simplifying operation of the ...Web
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Umesh T K | Professor of Physics, Dean, Faculty of Science and
Total attenuation cross sections for several sugars are measured for 661.6-, 1173-, and 1332.5-keV photons in a narrow beam geometry setup, by using a hyperpure germanium detector.Web
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What is High Purity Germanium Detector – HPGe – Definition
High-purity germanium detectors ( HPGe detectors) are the best solution for precise gamma and x-ray spectroscopy. In comparison to silicon detectors, germanium is much more efficient than silicon for radiation detection due to its atomic number being much higher than silicon and due to lower average energy necessary to create an …Web
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Advances in germanium detector technology
High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors [1] are frequently used to detect X- and gamma rays for energy spectroscopy and related fields because of their …Web
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Hyperpure germanium coaxial radiation detector
@article{osti_6500962, title = {Hyperpure germanium coaxial radiation detector}, author = {Raudorf, T W}, abstractNote = {A radiation detector made of hyperpure germanium has generally the shape of a hollow cylinder with an outer generally cylindrical surface and an inner generally cylindrical surface and is formed with a p+ contact and n+ contact.Web
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High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detectors
Liquid nitrogen (LN 2) or electromechanical cooling system are both available. The High Purity Germanium detectors (HPGe) complete set is composed by the following components: HPGe detector. Preamplifier with cooled input stage. Dewar vessel. Cable set. Documentation. 10% – 50% efficiency HPGe detectors are available. p and n type …Web
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High-Purity Germanium: Detector Fabrication and Performance
The availability of germanium with less than 1010 acceptors/cm3 has enabled us to fabricate and study the performance of germanium detectors of substantially larger …Web
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Aegis™ Portable HPGe Spectrometer | Mirion
The Aegis unit is the latest transportable, battery-powered HPGe gamma spectrometer in Mirion's portfolio. Like its Falcon 5000 ® predecessor, it offers many state-of-the-art features, such as a thermal-cycle free cryostat, an integrated all-in-one design and laboratory-grade energy resolution. All this is combined with larger HPGe crystals ...Web
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Application of a germanium detector as a low flux neutron monitor
A feasibility study of using a germanium detector as a neutron monitor is described. A p-type hyperpure germanium detector with 10% relative efficiency is irradiated by neutrons with various energies. The p-type semiconducting detector emits prompt photopeaks at 596 and 691 keV from the Ge (n, γ) and Ge (n, n′γ) reactions, …Web
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Research and Development in HPGe detectors at LNL
Germanium detectors have reached an unprecedented level of sophistication and they are still the best solution for high resolution gamma spectroscopy. On the other side, they are expensive, ... [11, 12]. In the seventies High purity Germanium detectors (HPGe or hyperpure Ge detectors)[13,14 ...Web
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Deciphering Radiation Alarms: Using High Purity Germanium Detectors …
HPGe detectors can help distinguish between naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), found in items such as ceramic tiles and fertilizer, and nuclear and other radioactive material that could be weaponized or harmful to those exposed to the material. "NORM and many other radioactive sources are present in legitimate commerce and …Web
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A study of high-purity germanium detector arrays for the in vivo
The standard procedure for whole counting done at ORNL employs a 13.34 cm-dia. phoswich, a hyperpure germanium (HPGe) array consisting of six detectors totaling 80 cm/sup 2/, and a 23 cm by 23 cm NaI detector positioned under the subject's back.Web
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Design of a shield system for a hyper-pure germanium detector …
Design of a shield system for a hyper-pure germanium detector as a stack monitor for use in accident conditions at a nuclear power plant @inproceedings{Petito1993DesignOA, title={Design of a shield system for a hyper-pure germanium detector as a stack monitor for use in accident conditions at a nuclear power plant}, author={Anthony Bruno Petito ...Web
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A hyperpure germanium detector for precise beta endpoint energy
A hyperpure germanium detector of 300 mm 2 area and 10 mm thickness was used to measure energies of β-rays up to 10.5 MeV. Extensive tests with the conversion electron spectrometer BILL at the Institute Laue-Langevin in Grenoble showed that the pulse height spectrum generated by the impact of monoenergetic electrons on the detector …Web
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Beta end-point-energy measurements with a hyperpure germanium detector
The performance of hyperpure-germanium detectors for the determination of beta end-point energies has already been investigated by Moore, Hayakawa and Rehfeld4), in a spectrometer comprised of a detector inside of a superconducting solenoid. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate such detectors for use without a …Web
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THE CANFRANC UNDERGROUND LABORATORY.
Ultra-low bkg HpGe detectors for radiopurity measurements next to the two halls. In August 1988, as a result of a collaboration with the University of South Carolina (USC) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), the first ultralow background detector came to Can-franc: a germanium hyperpure detector. With this detector preliminaryWeb
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Study of 13N High Purity Germanium Detectors with
Compared with traditional "Li diffusion and B implantation" high-purity germanium detector electrode preparation process, the use of amorphous …Web
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Study of cosmogenic activation in $^{76}$Ge enriched germanium
Rare event search experiments using germanium detectors are operated in underground laboratories to minimize the background induced by cosmic rays. However, …Web
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Application of a germanium detector as a low flux neutron monitor
The germanium detector A p-type hyperpure germanium (HPGe) detector, manufactured by CANBERRA Co. (model number GC1019), was used for neutron bombardment. The close-ended coaxial HPGe detector has an active volume of 58 cm3, corresponding to 10% relative efficiency. The system exhibited a resolution of 1.9 keV at …Web
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NAA Technical Overview
Most NAA labs operate one or more hyperpure or intrinsic germanium (HPGe) detectors which operate at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 degrees K) by mounting the germanium crystal in a vacuum cryostat, thermally connected to a copper rod or "cold finger". Although HPGe detectors come in many different designs and sizes, the most common type of ...Web
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Development of 7-channel germanium detector for X-ray …
Abstract: There is a strong need for spectroscopy detector for high-energy X-ray application where silicon, the material of choice for direct detection becomes X-ray …Web
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XtRa™ Extended Range Coaxial Ge Detectors | Mirion
The Mirion XtRa unit is a coaxial germanium detector having a unique thin-window contact on the front surface which extends the useful energy range down to 3 keV. Conventional coaxial detectors have a lithium-diffused contact typically between 0.5 and 1.5 mm thick. This dead layer stops most photons below 40 keV or so rendering the detector ...Web
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Design of a shield system for a hyper-pure germanium detector …
Collimator and shield configurations for two high-purity germanium detectors were designed for use during a loss of coolant accident at a boiling water reactor. The detectors will return information concerning stack releases to operators within a 15 minute time frame. Operating parameters for the stack monitors are defined by the United States ...Web
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Performance of a large hyperpure germanium detector array for …
The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical InformationWeb
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High Purity Germanium Detector-Elemental Analysis …
NA is number of acceptor impurities 2 AeNV dE x x d docsity | HPGe Detector Planer Configuration cont'd hyperpure germanium ion implanted |_~ front contact } 150-500 1 beryiiun window lithium ttused fear comact …Web
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Germanium Detectors Data Sheet
resolution of the detector. Liquid nitrogen, which has a temperature of 77 °K is the common cooling medium for such detectors. The detector is mounted in a vacuum chamber which is attached to or inserted into an LN 2 Dewar. The sensitive detector surfaces are thus protected from moisture and condensible contaminants. Typical …Web
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Absolute measurement of the Ra/U ratio in uranium ores using a
We measured the Ra/U equilibrium in ores detecting the 185.715 keV and 186.203 keV γ-lines of 235U and 226Ra, respectively, with a hyperpure germanium…Web
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Lab Experiment 7: High-Resolution Gamma-Ray …
Purpose: To demonstrate the measurement of gamma-ray energies with high resolution provided by a High-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Semiconductor detectors made of germanium or silicon compensated …Web
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Calibration of a large hyperpure germanium detector array for …
Calibration curves (chest wall thickness vs nCi/cpm) are developed for a large, hyperpure germanium detector array for measurement of lung burdens of /sup 238/Pu, /sup 239/Pu, and /sup 241/Am. Equations were derived using a muscle-thorax model and models with varying concentrations of thoracic fat. Because of the superior energy resolution ...Web
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